The line must be perpendicular to the force. What the heck is the r with the perpendicular sign? This is the line from the point where the force is applied to the point where the thing might rotate about. I can define the torque (in scalar form - but really torque is a vector) as: I just ramped up the level of complication by introducing angular momentum. A net force changes the linear momentum of an object and a net torque changes the angular momentum of an object. At the most basic level, torque could be considered to be a rotational force. What is torque? I really don't want to get into this in too much since it can be a surprisingly complicated concept. This means that it will have non-zero torque. In this case even if the surface pushes up as far to the left as possible, it still won't be underneath the center of mass. (It can actually push up in more than one place.) The point is that the surface can be applied right below the center of mass. This means that the the ground can push up on it anywhere along this contact area. It might seem obvious, but I am just trying to be clear.
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